{"id":468,"date":"2026-07-14T10:52:42","date_gmt":"2026-07-14T10:52:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/abonamente-informatiazilei.ro\/?p=468"},"modified":"2026-10-21T20:23:03","modified_gmt":"2026-10-21T20:23:03","slug":"femeie-in-alb","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aurelpopp.ro\/en\/femeie-in-alb\/","title":{"rendered":"Pictorul Aurel Popp, fotografii din Primul R\u0103zboi Mondial"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Acum exact o sut\u0103 de ani un t\u00e2n\u0103r artist era \u00eenrolat \u00een armata austro-ungar\u0103 \u015fi trimis pe frontul din Italia \u015fi din Rusia. Destinul s\u0103u, ca \u015fi a altor scriitori, pictori, sculptori, putea fi fr\u00e2nt. A avut noroc. T\u00e2n\u0103rul pictor a supravie\u0163uit Primului R\u0103zboi Mondial \u015fi \u015fi-a continuat cariera. A devenit cel mai important artist plastic din \u0163inuturile S\u0103tmarului \u015fi din \u0163ar\u0103. Nu doar el a supravie\u0163uit r\u0103zboiului. Au supravie\u0163uit \u015fi cele peste trei sute de fotografii, cuprinse \u00een c\u00e2teva albume, cu imagini din Primul R\u0103zboi Mondial.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\" id=\"attachment_204422\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.informatia-zilei.ro\/sm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/aurel-popp-inrolare.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.informatia-zilei.ro\/sm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/aurel-popp-inrolare-280x500.jpg\" alt=\"Aurel Popp - 2 august 1914\" style=\"aspect-ratio:0.5610561056105611;width:340px;height:auto\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Aurel Popp \u2013 2 august 1914<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Aurel Popp&nbsp; ne dezv\u0103luie, dup\u0103 o sut\u0103 de ani, o nou\u0103 fa\u0163et\u0103 a personalit\u0103\u0163ii sale. Abia dup\u0103 ce vezi aceste imagini po\u0163i \u00een\u0163elege \u00een toat\u0103 splendoarea tablourile sale av\u00e2nd ca tem\u0103 r\u0103zboiul. L-a tr\u0103it. A v\u0103zut cu ochii s\u0103i groz\u0103viile celei mai crunte \u00eencle\u015ft\u0103ri dintre oameni. A fotografiat distrugerile provocate de furia oamenilor. Dar r\u0103zboiul nu \u00eenseamn\u0103 doar confruntare \u015fi moarte. Sunt imortalizate \u015fi clipe de destindere. Fotografiile au o valoare \u00een sine.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Dar faptul c\u0103 fac parte din patromoniul l\u0103sat de un mare artist le confer\u0103 o voloare aparte. Faptul c\u0103 au fost descoperite \u00een anul \u00een care se \u00eemplinesc o sut\u0103 de ani de la declan\u015farea Primului R\u0103zboi Mondial le readuc \u00een actualitate. Surpriza este cu at\u00e2t mai mare.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cen articolul de mai jos, dup\u0103 ce vom trece \u00een revist\u0103 principalele momente ale Marelui R\u0103zboi ne vom opri doar asupra evenimentelor la care a luat parte \u015fi Aurel Popp. \u00cencepem a\u015fadar cu o scurt\u0103 cronologie:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1914<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>28 iunie<\/strong> \u2013 atentatul de la Sarajevo c\u0103ruia \u00eei cad victime arhiducele Franz Ferdinand, mo\u015ftenitorul tronului Austro-Ungariei, \u015fi so\u0163ia sa;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>23 iulie<\/strong> \u2013 Austro-Ungaria adreseaz\u0103 un ultimatum Serbiei;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>28 iulie<\/strong> \u2013 Austro-Ungaria declar\u0103 r\u0103zboi Serbiei;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>30 iulie<\/strong> \u2013 Rusia decreteaz\u0103 mobilizarea general\u0103 (urmat\u0103 de Austro-Ungaria, la 31 iulie);<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\" id=\"attachment_204436\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.informatia-zilei.ro\/sm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/rusia-1.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.informatia-zilei.ro\/sm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/rusia-1-350x215.jpg\" alt=\"1914 - frontul rusesc\" class=\"wp-image-204436\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.6256410256410256;width:634px;height:auto\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">1914 \u2013 frontul rusesc<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1 august<\/strong> \u2013 Germania declar\u0103 r\u0103zboi Rusiei;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3 august<\/strong> \u2013 Germania declar\u0103 r\u0103zboi Fran\u0163ei \u015fi invadeaz\u0103 Belgia;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>4 august<\/strong> \u2013 Marea Britanie declar\u0103 r\u0103zboi Germaniei;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>6-13 septembrie<\/strong> \u2013 b\u0103t\u0103lia de pe Marna:&nbsp;\u00eenfr\u00e2nt\u0103, armata german\u0103 abandoneaz\u0103 o parte din teritoriul ocupat \u00een Fran\u0163a;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>23-30 august \u015fi 8-10 septembrie<\/strong> \u2013 victorii germane \u00eempotriva armatei ruse la Tannenberg \u015fi la Lacurile Mazuriene;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3 noiembrie<\/strong> \u2013 Imperiul Otoman intr\u0103 \u00een r\u0103zboi de partea Puterilor Centrale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1915<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>februarie-decembrie<\/strong> \u2013 e\u015fecul opera\u0163iunilor anglo-franceze \u00een Dardanele \u015fi \u00een peninsula Gallipoli;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>24 mai<\/strong> \u2013 Italia declar\u0103 r\u0103zboi Austro-Ungariei;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>octombrie<\/strong> \u2013 un corp expedi\u0163ionar franco-britanic debarc\u0103 la Salonic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1916<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>februarie-decembrie<\/strong> \u2013 b\u0103t\u0103lia de la Verdun;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>iulie-noiembrie<\/strong> \u2013 ofensiva anglo-francez\u0103 de pe Somme;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>27 august, 14 august pe stil vechi<\/strong> \u2013 Rom\u00e2nia declar\u0103 r\u0103zboi Austro-Ungariei; armata rom\u00e2n\u0103 trece frontiera \u00een Transilvania;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>6 decembrie<\/strong> \u2013 armata german\u0103 intr\u0103 \u00een Bucure\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1917<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>ianuarie<\/strong> \u2013 Germania decide r\u0103zboiul submarin nelimitat;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>12 martie (27 februarie pe stil vechi)<\/strong> \u2013 \u201crevolu\u0163ia din februarie\u201d \u00een Rusia; abdicarea \u0163arului Nicolae II (15 martie);<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>6 aprilie<\/strong> \u2013 Statele Unite ale Americii declar\u0103 r\u0103zboi Germaniei;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>iulie-august<\/strong> \u2013 armata rom\u00e2n\u0103 rezist\u0103 pe frontul din Moldova (b\u0103t\u0103liile de la M\u0103r\u0103\u015fti, M\u0103r\u0103\u015fe\u015fti \u015fi Oituz);<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>7 noiembrie<\/strong> \u2013 insurec\u0163ia bol\u015fevic\u0103 la Petrograd (\u00een jargon comunist: Marea Revolu\u0163ie Socialist\u0103 din Octombrie\u201d);<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1918<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3 martie<\/strong> \u2013 Pacea de la Brest-Litovsk \u00eentre Puterile Centrale \u015fi Rusia consfin\u0163e\u015fte destr\u0103marea fostului imperiu rus;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>9 aprilie (27 martie pe stil vechi)<\/strong> \u2013 unirea Basarabiei cu Rom\u00e2nia;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>7 mai<\/strong> \u2013 Tratatul de Pace de la Bucure\u015fti , \u00eentre Rom\u00e2nia, Germania, Austro-Ungaria, Bulgaria \u015fi Imperiul Otoman;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>21 martie-iunie<\/strong> \u2013 ofensiva german\u0103 \u00een Fran\u0163a;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>18 iulie<\/strong> \u2013 declan\u015farea contraofensivei aliate;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>29 sepembrie<\/strong> \u2013 Bulgaria \u00eencheie armisti\u0163iu;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>30 octombrie<\/strong> \u2013 guvernul otoman semneaz\u0103 armisti\u0163iul;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3 noiembrie<\/strong> \u2013 semnarea armisti\u0163iului cu Austro-Ungaria, care \u00eencetase de fapt s\u0103 mai existe, \u00een urma independen\u0163ei proclamate, \u00een ultimele zile ale lunii octombrie, de cehi, croa\u0163i, sloveni \u015fi unguri;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>28 noiembrie<\/strong> \u2013 unirea Bucovinei cu Rom\u00e2nia;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1 decembrie<\/strong> \u2013 Marea Adunare Na\u0163ional\u0103 de la Alba Iulia proclam\u0103 unirea Transilvaniei cu Rom\u00e2nia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Tratatele de pace<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>28 iunie 1919<\/strong> \u2013 Tratatul de la Versailles cu Germania;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>10 septembrie 1919<\/strong> \u2013 Tratatul de la Saint- Germain cu Austria;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>27 noiembrie 1919<\/strong> \u2013 Tratatul de la Neuilly cu Bulgaria;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>10 august 1920<\/strong> \u2013 Tratatul de la Trianon cu Ungaria;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>12 noiembrie 1920<\/strong> \u2013 Tratatul de la Sevres cu Imperiul Otoman;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>24 iulie 1923<\/strong> \u2013 Tratatul de la Lausanne cu Turcia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Aurel Popp a ajuns pe frontul italian \u00een noiembrie 1915<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Intrarea Italiei \u00een r\u0103zboi \u00een anul 1915 a deschis un nou front militar, dar nu a reu\u015fit s\u0103 determine \u00eenfr\u00e2ngerea Puterilor Centrale a\u015fa cum s-ar fi a\u015fteptat Marea Britanie \u015fi Fran\u0163a. \u00cen cele 11 b\u0103t\u0103lii care sa-u purtat \u00eentre anii 1915-1917 italienii nu au reu\u015fit s\u0103 treac\u0103 de liniile austro-ungare. B\u0103t\u0103lia cu num\u0103rul 12 de pe r\u00e2ul Isonzo, cunoscut\u0103 cu numele de b\u0103t\u0103lia de la Caporetto s-a \u00eencheiat cu victoria armatei austriece. Armata austro-ungarilor a fost for\u0163at\u0103 s\u0103 se retrag\u0103 trepat \u00een timpul verii din anul 1918. Trupele austriece au fost \u00een cele din urm\u0103 \u00eenvinse \u00een b\u0103t\u0103lia de la Vittorie Veneto (24 octombrie \u2013 3 noiembrie 1918).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\" id=\"attachment_204423\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.informatia-zilei.ro\/sm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/italia-1.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.informatia-zilei.ro\/sm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/italia-1-350x278.jpg\" alt=\"italia 1\" class=\"wp-image-204423\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.2633832976445396;width:590px;height:auto\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u015eeful statului major al diviziei 20 infanterie \u2013 colonelul Egyed Zoltan (X), Doberdo \u2013 1916<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aurel Popp a ajuns pe frontul italian \u00een noiembrie 1915. \u201c<em>B\u0103teau v\u00e2nturi reci printre st\u00e2ncile mun\u0163ilor Carstici (Karst). \u00ad\u00ad\u00ad Z\u0103pada era p\u00e2n\u0103 la genunchi \u015fi \u00eentr-un frig n\u0103prasnic se f\u0103ceau aplica\u0163iile de noapte, iar eu, ve\u015fnicul revoltat, la \u00eencolonarea de diminea\u0163\u0103, nu o dat\u0103 \u00eemi tr\u00e2mbi\u0163am \u00een gura mare, nemul\u0163umirile, \u00een fa\u0163a camarazilor mei de 17 ani.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Ningea deja \u00een decembrie, c\u00e2nd dup\u0103 c\u00e2teva s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni de exerci\u0163ii de front, compania noastr\u0103 de infanterie a fost repartizat\u0103 regimentului 3 de honvezi din Debre\u0163in.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u00cen ianuarie 1916 am ajuns \u015fi noi pe linia frontului unde \u00een decurs de dou\u0103 s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni, \u00een compania mea, abia r\u0103m\u0103seser\u0103 c\u00e2\u0163iva dintre cei de 17 ani.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Aceasta fusese o gustare groaznic\u0103 din ororile r\u0103zboiului\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\" id=\"attachment_204424\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.informatia-zilei.ro\/sm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/italia-2.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.informatia-zilei.ro\/sm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/italia-2-350x267.jpg\" alt=\"Frontul italian - 1916. La st\u00e2nga: Olah Gyula, c\u0103pitan de stat major; la dreapta: Popp Aurel, locotenent major \" class=\"wp-image-204424\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.3094262295081966;width:639px;height:auto\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Frontul italian \u2013 1916. La st\u00e2nga: Olah Gyula, c\u0103pitan de stat major; la dreapta: Popp Aurel, locotenent major<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u00cen timpul ploilor de prim\u0103var\u0103, ad\u0103posturile de pe linia frontului, aflate \u00een scobiturile f\u0103cute \u00een st\u00e2nc\u0103, se umpleau de apa de ploaie, iar sanitarii bosniaci de pe linia frontului aduceau vestea, c\u0103 cei din ad\u0103posturi \u00eenghe\u0163au \u00een zilele senine cu soare!\u2026 Ace\u015fti oameni plini de argil\u0103 asemenea Golemului din poveste, \u00eenmuia\u0163i \u00een argila galben\u0103, ar\u0103tau ca \u015fi c\u00e2nd demult sufletul lor ar fi zburat din ei\u2026 Niciodat\u0103 nu pot s\u0103 uit aceste mormane groaznice de noroi\u2026\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Frontul&nbsp; de Est<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cen timp ce germanii \u00eencercau zadarnic s\u0103 \u00eenving\u0103 Fran\u0163a \u00eenainte ca Rusia s\u0103-\u015fi mobilizeze trupele, imediat dup\u0103 izbucnirea r\u0103zboiului armata rus\u0103 a \u00eencercat s\u0103 profite de situa\u0163ie \u015fi a \u00eenaintat pe teritoriul Germaniei. Au fost \u00eens\u0103 \u00eenfr\u00e2n\u0163i \u00een b\u0103t\u0103liile de la Tannenberg \u015fi de la Lacurile Mazuriene (5-15 septembrie 1914). Ru\u015fii au continuat s\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 pe pozi\u0163ii \u00een Prusia p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een anul 1915.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\" id=\"attachment_204425\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.informatia-zilei.ro\/sm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/rusia-4.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.informatia-zilei.ro\/sm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/rusia-4-350x249.jpg\" alt=\"Frontul rusesc - 1917. Exerci\u0163ii cu grenade \" class=\"wp-image-204425\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.4050343249427917;width:614px;height:auto\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Frontul rusesc \u2013 1917. Exerci\u0163ii cu grenade<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dup\u0103 ofensiva austro-ungar\u0103 din prim\u0103vara \u015fi vara nului 1915, \u00eenaintarea ru\u015filor a luat sf\u00e2r\u015fit. Polonia a r\u0103mas ocupat\u0103 \u00een cea mai mare parte de germani \u015fi austrieci. |arul Nicolae II a preluat personal comanda trupelor ruse\u015fti. Astfel c\u0103 ru\u015fii au \u00eenregistrat c\u00e2teva victorii \u00een vara anului 1916. Dar pierderile au fost \u00eens\u0103 mult mai mari ceea ce a dus la sc\u0103derea moralului solda\u0163ilor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aurel Popp descrie atmosfera de infern pe care a tr\u0103it-o pe frontul rusesc. <em>\u201c\u00cen 1916, toamna t\u00e2rziu, Divizia a 20-a de honvezi \u2013 din care f\u0103cea parte \u015fi regimentul din Debre\u0163in \u00eempreun\u0103 cu regimentul de honvezi din Alba Iulia \u015fi Oradea, ajunsese pe frontul rusesc unde numai peste c\u00e2teva s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni am depus jur\u0103m\u00e2ntul de fidelitate fa\u0163\u0103 de ultimul \u00eemp\u0103rat al fatalei case de Habsburg. Nu voi uita niciodat\u0103 acest jur\u0103m\u00e2nt. Ne b\u0103tea o lapovi\u0163\u0103, de parc\u0103 \u015fi codrul ne-ar fi pl\u00e2ns de mil\u0103. Am jurat, am jurat fidelitate \u015fi noi nici nu \u015ftiam de ce ne-au c\u0103rat aici. Ni s-a spus c\u0103 de aceea, pentru ca Divizia s\u0103 se odihneasc\u0103 dup\u0103 pierderile \u015fi suferin\u0163ele de la St. Michel\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Toat\u0103 lumea vroia s\u0103 se odihneasc\u0103 \u015fi s\u0103 se lini\u015fteasc\u0103, ofi\u0163eri \u015fi solda\u0163i deopotriv\u0103\u2026 P\u00e2n\u0103 \u015fi venirea noastr\u0103 aici a fost groaznic\u0103, de pl\u00e2ns!<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Am venit aici trec\u00e2nd mla\u015ftinile Stripei, pe un drum de sc\u00e2nduri, care se leg\u0103na sub noi ca un balansoar\u2026 De-a lungul drumului, de o parte \u015fi de alta, se vedeau picioare \u00eencremenite de cai \u00eeneca\u0163i \u00een noroi, ca ni\u015fte pari str\u00e2mbi, pe care ici-colo se odihneau cronc\u0103nind, ciori mari \u015fi grase\u2026 Apoi ap\u0103reau din apa murdar\u0103 care p\u0103rea a fi de o poft\u0103 nest\u0103vilit\u0103, oi\u015fti \u015fi ro\u0163i rupte de c\u0103ru\u0163e, asemenea martorilor unei mici tragedii, care ne p\u00e2nde\u015fte \u015fi ne a\u015ftepta \u015fi pe noi\u2026 Sus, pe cerul de un cenu\u015fiu \u00eenchis \u015fi des, printre norii \u00eenvolbura\u0163i, se auzea cronc\u0103nitul unui stol mare de ciori care zburau greu deasupra trupei noastre, trup\u0103 care \u00eenainta de parc\u0103 era \u00eempins\u0103 din spate de o putere din lumea de apoi, ne \u00eempingea \u00eentr-un tempo \u00eencet, c\u0103tre morm\u00e2ntul din fa\u0163a noastr\u0103, acoperit de o cea\u0163\u0103 groas\u0103\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u00centr-o astfel de atmosfer\u0103 de infern, am ajuns la locul nostru de odihn\u0103, unde a trebuit s\u0103 depunem jur\u0103m\u00e2ntul de fidelitate, c\u0103 vom muri cu bucurie pentru \u00eemp\u0103rat!\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Am fost repartiza\u0163i \u00een armata prin\u0163ului mo\u015ftenitor german Eitel, \u00een care era disciplin\u0103, dar m\u00e2ncare pu\u0163in\u0103, at\u00e2t pentru solda\u0163i c\u00e2t \u015fi pentru ofi\u0163eri. Dar cimitirele continuau \u015fi aici ca \u015fi pe frontul italian. Aveam \u015fi solda\u0163i de cinzeci de ani, al\u0103turi de care m\u0103r\u015f\u0103luia m\u0103car un fiu de-al s\u0103u, pe c\u00e2nd ceilal\u0163i trei, sau chiar mai mul\u0163i a\u015fteptau m\u0103car o veste despre ei, care puteau fi r\u0103pi\u0163i \u00een orice moment de moarte\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u00cen loc de odihn\u0103, suferin\u0163ele deveneau tot mai insuportabile. Terenul ml\u0103\u015ftinos \u00eenmul\u0163ea tot mai mult \u00eemboln\u0103virile, fa\u0163\u0103 de care cei \u00eenfometa\u0163i nu aveau nicio rezisten\u0163\u0103. Tot mai des \u015fi mai des plecau trenurile cu r\u0103ni\u0163i \u015fi bolnavi spre Lemberg.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\" id=\"attachment_204445\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.informatia-zilei.ro\/sm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/rusia.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.informatia-zilei.ro\/sm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/rusia-350x226.jpg\" alt=\"Frontul rusesc - Vol\u00e2nia, 1917\" class=\"wp-image-204445\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.5523560209424083;width:593px;height:auto\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Frontul rusesc \u2013 Vol\u00e2nia, 1917<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Efortul de r\u0103zboi al Rusiei a fost afectat de Revolu\u0163ia Rus\u0103 din anul 1917 de care armatele german\u0103 \u015fi austro-ungar\u0103 au profitat \u00een timpul ofensivei din var\u0103 c\u00e2nd au ocupat Bucovina \u015fi cea mai mare parte din Gali\u0163ia. Trupele ruse\u015fti erau \u00een pragul \u00eenfr\u00e2ngerii. Dup\u0103 o nou\u0103 ofensiv\u0103 german\u0103, noii conduc\u0103tori bol\u015fevici \u00een frunte cu Lenin \u015fi Tro\u0163ki au acceptat Tratatul de Pace de la Brest-Litovsk semnat \u00een 3 martie 1918. Pacea semnat\u0103 \u00eentre Puterile Centrale \u015fi Rusia a consfin\u0163it destr\u0103marea fostului Imperiu \u0162arist. Probabil c\u0103 \u00een lipsa condi\u0163iilor speciale create de acest r\u0103zboi, Lenin \u015fi tovar\u0103\u015fii s\u0103i nu ar mai fi ajuns niciodat\u0103 la Putere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cum a fost perceput\u0103 de c\u0103tre solda\u0163i \u201cMarea Revolu\u0163ie Socialist\u0103 din Octombrie\u201d afl\u0103m din memoriile pictorului s\u0103tm\u0103rean: <em>\u201cSpre sf\u00e2r\u015fitul lui octombrie, solda\u0163ii ru\u015fi ce sufereau \u00een primele linii ale frontului, au fost n\u0103p\u0103di\u0163i de un fel de febr\u0103 pacifist\u0103\u2026 Nimeni nu \u015ftie cum a \u00eenceput, dar la un moment dat, ai no\u015ftri cu mai multe c\u0103ru\u0163e transportau tot felul de alimente pe front. Oamenii din cele dou\u0103 tabere du\u015fmane parc\u0103 niciodat\u0103 nu s-ar fi \u00eempu\u015fcat, ie\u015feau veseli, unul dup\u0103 altul din tran\u015fee, r\u00e2z\u00e2nd, jubil\u00e2nd, fugeau unul c\u0103tre altul, vorbea fiecare pe limba lui, se \u00eembr\u0103\u0163i\u015fau \u015fi se s\u0103rutau.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Toat\u0103 linia frontului ar\u0103ta de parc\u0103 o mare mul\u0163ime se preg\u0103tea pentru o mare adunare, veni\u0163i de departe \u015fi a\u015fa cum obi\u015fnuiau rudele sau bunii amici, se \u00eembr\u0103\u0163i\u015fau, se \u00eembiau cu plosca \u015fi cu alimente, pe care ai no\u015ftri le-au adus&gt; m\u00e2ncau, gustau, ca ni\u015fte vechi cuno\u015ftin\u0163e. Apoi nu peste mult au \u00eenceput s\u0103 danseze, b\u0103t\u00e2ndu-se prietene\u015fte pe umeri, \u00een\u0163eleg\u00e2ndu-se de parc\u0103 ar fi fost vechi prieteni \u015fi nu du\u015fmani\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u015ei to\u0163i am crezut c\u0103 a sosit Pacea..!<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Apoi dintr-o dat\u0103 s-au auzit tunurile!<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u015ei to\u0163i cei ce se \u00eembr\u0103\u0163i\u015fau pl\u00e2ng\u00e2nd, acum \u00eempu\u015fcau din nou\u2026 Visul a \u00eencetat, de parc\u0103 nu s-ar fi \u00eent\u00e2mplat nimic, ne omorau din nou!\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Din Rusia la Eger<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cCr\u0103ciunul anului 1917 m-a prins la Eger, \u00een cadrul batalionului. Doi ani am tr\u0103it pe dou\u0103 fronturi groaznice, unde mii \u015fi mii de oameni au fost nimici\u0163i \u00een luptele cele mai odioase\u2026 Am adus acas\u0103 \u00een suflet amintirea atacurilor cu gaze, atacurilor cu arunc\u0103toare de fl\u0103c\u0103ri, focurilor de arm\u0103, o muzic\u0103 wagnerian\u0103, oroarea \u015fi groaza r\u0103ut\u0103\u0163ii oamenilor, sentimente ce au crescut \u00een mod uria\u015f \u00een sufletul meu \u015fi a\u015fa mereu nemul\u0163umit\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\" id=\"attachment_204428\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.informatia-zilei.ro\/sm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Eger.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.informatia-zilei.ro\/sm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Eger-350x402.jpg\" alt=\"Eger 1918 - Aurel Popp lucr\u00e2nd la un tablou\" class=\"wp-image-204428\" style=\"aspect-ratio:0.8731707317073171;width:537px;height:auto\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Eger 1918 \u2013 Aurel Popp lucr\u00e2nd la un tablou<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Dar acas\u0103 \u00een acest Hinterland cu o pace silit\u0103, nu mi-au disp\u0103rut viziunile groaznice. Nu, pentru c\u0103 aici, l\u00e2ng\u0103 tovar\u0103\u015fii mei numul\u0163umi\u0163i din Budapesta, vechii mei tovar\u0103\u015fi, cu care \u00eempreun\u0103 \u00een anii studen\u0163iei participam la manifest\u0103rile anuale de \u00eent\u00e2i mai \u2013 m\u0103 stimluau din nou cu tot mai mult\u0103 r\u00e2vn\u0103, p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd \u00een octombrie 1918, aceste nemul\u0163umiri s-au transformat \u00eentr-o victorioas\u0103 revolu\u0163ie ce a izbucnit pe str\u0103zile Budapestei\u2026\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>***<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Cele peste 300 de fotografii adunate \u015fi realizate de Aurel Popp \u00een perioada 1914-1918 constituie materialul unui documentar despre evenimentul fondator al lumii \u00een care tr\u0103im, Primul R\u0103zboi Mondial. Filmul va fi difuzat la Informa\u0163ia TV.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Bibliografie:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Fotografii: Arhivele Na\u0163ionale Satu Mare<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Lucian Boia, Primul R\u0103zboi Mondial,&nbsp;Humanitas, Bucure\u015fti 2014<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Iudit Erdos, La cap\u0103tul unei vie\u0163i, Editura&nbsp;Muzeului S\u0103tm\u0103rean, Satu Mare 1999<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Dic\u0163ionar Oxford de istorie universal\u0103 contemporan\u0103, vol. II, Bic All, Bucure\u015fti 2007<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Acum exact o sut\u0103 de ani un t\u00e2n\u0103r artist era \u00eenrolat \u00een armata austro-ungar\u0103 \u015fi trimis pe frontul din Italia \u015fi din Rusia. Destinul s\u0103u, ca \u015fi a altor scriitori, pictori, sculptori, putea fi fr\u00e2nt. A avut noroc. T\u00e2n\u0103rul pictor a supravie\u0163uit Primului R\u0103zboi Mondial \u015fi \u015fi-a continuat cariera. A devenit cel mai important artist [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2007,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-468","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/aurelpopp.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/468","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/aurelpopp.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/aurelpopp.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aurelpopp.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aurelpopp.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=468"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/aurelpopp.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/468\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2018,"href":"https:\/\/aurelpopp.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/468\/revisions\/2018"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aurelpopp.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2007"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/aurelpopp.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=468"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aurelpopp.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=468"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aurelpopp.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=468"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}